Evaluation of Extrathyroidal Extension of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma With Three-Dimensional Tomographic Ultrasound Imaging / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate extrathyroidal extension (ETE) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) with three-dimensional tomographic ultrasound imaging (3D-TUI). Methods A total of 97 thyroid nodules of 79 patients with PTMC treated in PUMC Hospital from February 2016 to January 2018 were included in this study.Two ultrasound experts performed independent blinded assessment of the relationship between thyroid nodules and thyroid capsule by two-dimensional ultrasound (2D-US) and 3D-TUI.The results of 2D-US and 3D-TUI in evaluating ETE were compared with intraoperative findings and postoperative histological and pathological results. Results Among the 97 nodules,54 (55.7%) nodules had ETE.The diagnostic sensitivity (68.5% vs.37.0%;χ2=10.737,P=0.002),accuracy (74.5% vs.56.7%;χ2=6.686,P=0.015),and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve[0.761 (95%CI=0.677-0.845) vs.0.592 (95%CI=0.504-0.680);Z=3.500,P<0.001] of 3D-TUI were higher than those of 2D-US.However,3D-TUI and 2D-US showed no significant difference in the specificity (84.1% vs.81.4%;χ2=0.081,P=0.776),negative predictive value (67.9% vs.50.7%;χ2=3.645,P=0.066),or positive predictive value (84.1% vs.71.4%;χ2=1.663,P=0.240). Conclusion Compared with 2D-US,3D-TUI demonstrates increased diagnostic efficiency for ETE of PTMC.

Correlation of two-dimensional ultrasonography with HbA1c and TSH and diagnostic value of benign and malignant thyroid nodules / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To analyze the correlation between two-dimensional ultrasound and HbA1c, Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and its diagnostic value in benign and malignant Thyroid nodules.Methods:A total of 155 patients with thyroid nodules examined in the Department of Ultrasound Medicine of Haikou Orthopedics and Diabetes Hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were prospectively selected. With surgical pathological examination as the gold standard, they were divided into benign group (75 cases) and malignant group (80 cases) according to the nature of nodules. There were 40 males and 35 females in the benign group, with an age of (47.95±8.26) years old and BMI of (22.45±1.26) kg/m2. There were 42 males and 38 females in the malignant group, with an age of (48.22±8.01) years old and BMI of (22.36±1.21) kg/m2. The expression level of HbA1c was detected by automatic biochemical analyzer, and the concentration of TSH was detected by automatic immunoassay. SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used for analysis and processing.Results:Compared with benign thyroid nodules, the mean transit time (MTT) and time to peak intensity of malignant thyroid nodules were (0.92±0.11 vs 1.48±0.42) s and (1.48±0.42) s respectively. TIP (1.06±0.21 vs 1.57±0.56) s, perfusion Index (PI) (1.15±0.22 vs 1.76±0.62) s parameters increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05) . Compared with patients with benign thyroid nodules, the expression levels of HbA1c (6.98±0.73 VS 10.22±1.35) % and TSH (3.95±0.53 VS 8.75±0.95) mIU/L in patients with malignant thyroid nodules were significantly higher ( P<0.05) . The expression levels of MTT, TIP, PI, HbA1c, and TSH were correlated with those of benign and malignant thyroid nodules, and the expression levels of MTT, TIP, PI, HbA1c, and TSH were positively correlated with those of benign and malignant patients ( P<0.05) . MTT, TIP and PI had correlation with the expression levels of HbA1c and TSH. Positive correlation: MTT had a positive correlation with HbA1c and TSH. TIP had a positive correlation with HbA1c and TSH. PI had a positive correlation with HbA1c and TSH ( P<0.05) . Compared with the single diagnosis of MTT, TIP and PI, the three combinations had higher diagnostic value for malignant thyroid nodules ( P=0.001) . Conclusion:Two-dimensional ultrasound parameters have high diagnostic value in malignant thyroid nodules, and have certain correlation with HbA1c and TSH, which can be used for the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules.

Diagnostic value of two-dimensional ultrasound combined with volume contrast imaging and MRI in fetal corpus callosum dysplasia / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of two-dimensional ultrasound combined with volumetric contrast imaging (VCI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the developmental abnormalities of the fetal corpus callosum.Methods:Seventy-three fetuses who underwent cranial MRI within 1 week after suspected fetal corpus callosum dysplasia on ultrasound and received a definitive diagnosis in the neonatal period were retrospectively recruited for the study. The fetal corpus callosum was observed in the transverse, coronal, and sagittal views of the fetus, and the hyaline septal cavity, lateral ventricle, third ventricle, and corpus callosum were observed in the MRI scan. The diagnostic results and sensitivity of two-dimensional ultrasound combined with volumetric contrast imaging and MRI were analyzed.Results:Neonatal imaging showed that among 73 fetuses, 32 had agenesis of the corpus callosum, 29 had hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, and 12 had normal development of the corpus callosum. The differences in diagnostic results and sensitivity between 2D ultrasound combined with volumetric contrast imaging and MRI testing for agenesis of the corpus callosum were not statistically significant (all P>0.05), and the differences in diagnostic results and sensitivity for hypoplasia of the corpus callosum were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Both 2D ultrasound combined with volumetric contrast imaging and MRI are of high value for the diagnosis of partial-type agenesis of the corpus callosum, but MRI is more advantageous for the diagnosis of agenesis of the corpus callosum, and MRI can be a useful supplement and verification tool for ultrasound to provide a more accurate clinical diagnosis.

Preparing a blunt contusion model of rabbit skeletal muscle under different blow strengths / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: In current studies regarding skeletal muscle blunt contusion model, rats are often taken as the experimental object. The authors believe that rabbits are the better experimental object to observe the macroscopic and imaging changes after blunt contusion. OBJECTIVE: Based on the self-made heavy-duty smashing instrument as the experimental basis, to replicate the skeletal muscle injury model according to different strike heights, which is expected to provide a reference basis for the subsequent replication of the rabbit gastrocnemius blunt contusion model. METHODS: Thirty-three New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: normal group (n=3), 75 cm strike group (n=10), 50 cm strike group (n=10), 25 cm strike group (n=10). Except for the normal group, all strikes were performed with different strengths. The severity of skeletal muscle damage after different strikes was compared through gross observation, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining, and ultrasound imaging. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The 50 cm height blow can cause moderate damage to the skeletal muscle, and the natural recovery time is over 21 days, which is suitable for the establishment of skeletal muscle blunt contusion model. The 75 cm height blow is likely to cause fractures, resulting in more deaths. The 25 cm height blow can cause mild damage that can be recovered within 7 days, which is not suitable for the establishment of skeletal muscle injury model.

Comparison of right and left common carotid arteries of horses and mules by two-dimensional ultrasound and Doppler flow / Comparação das artérias carótidas comuns direita e esquerda dos gêneros de equinos e muares por ultrassonografia bidimensional e Dopplerfluxométrico

In ultrasonography, the bi-dimensional mode (B-mode) allows the morphological and morphometric evaluation of several types of organs and tissues, while the Doppler mode allows the hemodynamic evaluation. In humans, the Doppler evaluation is routinely used in the assessment of important arteries and veins, such as the carotid arteries and jugular veins, with significant differences between genres and sides. However, in veterinary medicine, this diagnostic method is not yet well established in the evaluation of the carotid arteries, with only few reports in domestic horses. This study aims to compare the right and left common carotid arteries of domestic horses and mules using bi-dimensional and Doppler ultrasound evaluation. The common carotid arteries from 10 domestic horses (five males and five females) and 10 mules (five males and five females) were evaluated. The following variables were measured at three different portions (cranial, middle and caudal): diameter, intima-media thickness (IMT), resistivity index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), peak of systolic velocity (pSV) and final diastolic velocity (fDV). No significant differences were observed in the bi-dimensional variables (diameter and IMT) between the common carotid arteries of horses and mules, regardless of gender (p>0.05). In Doppler mode, there were no significant differences between carotid values in male and female horses (p> 0.05). In the mules, it was only possible to observe differences between the RI and PI values (p<0.05), being higher on the left side (0.81 and 2.04 respectively), and the fDV (p<0.05) higher, on the right side (14.35) in males. As for females, there was only in fDV (p<0.05), with the upper right side (23.16). Diameters and IMT do not differ between sides in horses and mules in B-mode ultrasound. Spectral Doppler in horses does not differ between sides, regardless of gender. As for mules, males differ in RI, PI and fDV between sides, while females differ only in fDV.(AU)

Na ultrassonografia, o modo bidimensional (modo B) permite a avaliação morfológica e morfométrica de vários tipos de órgãos e tecidos, enquanto o modo Doppler permite a avaliação hemodinâmica. Em humanos, a avaliação com Doppler é usada rotineiramente na avaliação de artérias e veias importantes, como as artérias carótidas e veias jugulares, com diferenças significativas entre gêneros e lados. No entanto, em medicina veterinária, este método diagnóstico ainda não está bem estabelecido na avaliação das artérias carótidas, com apenas poucos relatos em equinos domésticos. Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar as artérias carótidas comuns direita e esquerda de equinos e mulas domésticos, utilizando a avaliação bidimensional (modo B) e por ultrassonografia Doppler espectral. Avaliaram-se as artérias carótidas comuns de 10 equinos domésticos (cinco machos e cinco fêmeas) e 10 mulas (cinco machos e cinco fêmeas). As seguintes variáveis foram medidas em três porções diferentes (cranial, médio e caudal): diâmetro, espessura íntima-média (IMT), índice de resistividade (RI), índice de pulsatilidade (PI), pico de velocidade sistólica (pSV) e velocidade diastólica final (fDV). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas variáveis bidimensionais (diâmetro e IMT) entre as artérias carótidas comuns de cavalos e muares, independentemente do gênero (p>0,05). No modo Doppler, não houve diferenças significativas entre os valores para carótidas em equinos machos e fêmeas (p>0,05). Nos muares, só foi possível observar diferenças entre os valores de RI e PI (p<0,05), sendo maiores no lado esquerdo (0,81 e 2,04 respectivamente), e o fDV (p<0,05) superior no lado direito (14,35) nos machos. Quanto as fêmeas, houve apenas no fDV (p<0,05), sendo o lado direito superior (23,16). Os diâmetros e IMT não diferem entre os lados em equinos e muares na ultrassonografia modo B. Já o Doppler espectral nos equinos não difere entre os lados, independentemente do gênero. Quanto aos muares, os machos diferenciam no IR, IP e fDV entre os lados, enquanto as fêmeas apenas para fDV.(AU)

Diagnostic value of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound in intrauterine adhesion / 重庆医学

Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound in intrauterine adhesion.Methods The data in 75 patients with intrauterine adhesion confirmed by hysteroscopy surgery and conducting transvaginal twodimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound examination in this hospital from November 2014 to November 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The diagnostic accuracy rate of the three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound for diagnosing intrauterine adhesion reached 87.7 ％,which of two-dimensional ultrasound reached 69.2 ％;the accuracy rates of transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound for detecting mild,middle and severe intrauterine adhesion were 56.7％,76.9％ and 88.9％ respectively,while which of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound were 76.7 ％,96.2 ％ and 100.0 ％ respectively;the accuracy rates of transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound for detecting peripheral,central and mixed intrauterine adhesion were 66.7％,76.7％ and 54.5％ respectively,while which of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound were 83.3％,88.7％ and 100.0％ respectively;the accuracy rate of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound was significantly superior to that of transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound,transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound is more accuracy in diagnosing intrauterine adhesion and can provide more information for clinical doctors.

Value of transvaginal two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound in diagnosis of scar pregnancy after uterine cesarean section / 重庆医学

Objective To evaluate the value of transvaginal two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound in diagnosis of cesarean scar pregnancy (incision area pregnancy ) after cesarean section .Methods Thirty cases of cesarean incision pregnancy at lower section of uterine anterior wall diagnosed by transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound during 2015-2016 were retrospectively analyzed .On this basis ,all cases conducted transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound and were verified by magnetic resonance(MR) examination .Then the values of transvaginal two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound in diagnosis of incision area preg-nancy were analyzed .Results One case was diagnosed as the incision site and partial implantation of pregnant capsule by transvagi-nal two-dimensional ultrasound ,and then diagnosed as the complete implantation of pregnant capsule at incision site ,the other types were consistent to the diagnosis by the three-dimensional ultrasound .The MR examination results were consistent to the those by three-dimensional ultrasound .The diagnosis typing coincidence rate had no statistical difference among the three methods ( P>0 .05) .Conclusion Transvaginal three-dimensional can more intuitively display the lesion′s position ,range ,incision involvement sit-uation ,while transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound has more plentiful diagnostic information .

Application value of two-dimensional color Doppler combined with shear wave elastrography in the diagnosis of breast diseases / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To investigate two-dimensional color Doppler commissure real-time shear wave elastrography (SWE) examination and its application value in the diagnosis of breast diseases.Methods One hundred and thirty patients (158 breast lesions) confirmed with breast disease were chosen from September 2013 to September 2014,and all patients underwent two-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound and SWE examination.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was examined to obtain maximum elasticity modulus value,average elastic modulus value and the corresponding critical value for the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions.According to the results of pathological examination,sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of two-dimensional ultrasound and SWE for the diagnosis of breast lesions were evaluated and compared.Results Of all 158 breast lesions in 130 patients,90 were malignant lesions and 68 were benign lesions.The sensitivities of two-dimensional ultrasound and SWE in diagnosis of breast cancer were 89.7％ and 89.5％,the specificities were 85.6％ and 95.3％ and the accuracy were 87.3％ and 91.4％,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in the diagnosis of breast cancer by combination of two-dimensional ultrasound and SWE were 98.5％,93.3％,95.6％,respectively.Conclusions Although two-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound is a commonly used method in the diagnosis of breast lesions,it has certain limitation.The specificity of diagnosis can be improved by SWE,which is a useful complement to traditional two-dimensional ultrasound technology.Combination of the two methods can significantly increase the sensitivity and accuracy of the diagnosis and provide a reliable basis for the differential diagnosis,reduce the rate of misdiagnosis,missed diagnosis and unnecessary biopsy,which has important clinical application value.

Feasibility of three-dimensional reconstruction and automated measurement of fetal long bones using 5D Long Bone

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of five-dimensional Long Bone (5D LB), a new technique that automatically archives, reconstructs images, and measures lengths of fetal long bones, to assess whether the direction of volume sweep influences fetal long bone measurements in three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound and 5D LB, and to compare measurements of fetal long bone lengths obtained with 5D LB and those obtained with conventional two-dimensional (2D) and manual 3D techniques. METHODS: This prospective study included 39 singleton pregnancies at 26+0 to 32+0 weeks of gestation. Multiple pregnancies, fetuses with multiple congenital anomalies, and mothers with underlying medical diseases were excluded. Fetal long bones of the lower extremities-the femur, tibia, and fibula were measured by 2D and 3D ultrasound, and 5D LB, by an expert and non-expert examiner. First, we analyzed the 3D ultrasound and 5D LB data according to 2 different sweeping angles. We analyzed intra- and inter-observer variability and agreement between ultrasound techniques. Paired t-test, interclass correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman plot and Passing-Bablok regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between long bone measurements analyzed according to 2 different volume-sweeping angles by 3D ultrasound and 5D LB. Intra- and inter-observer variability were not significantly different among all 3 ultrasound techniques. Comparing 2D ultrasound and 5D LB, the interclass correlation coefficient for femur, tibia, and fibula was 0.91, 0.92, and 0.89, respectively. CONCLUSION: 5D LB is reproducible and comparable with conventional 2D and 3D ultrasound techniques for fetal long bone measurement.

Research on the consistency of two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography in diameter meas-urement of single follicle / 医学研究生学报

Objective Three-dimensional(3D) automated ultrasonic volume measurement is becoming favorable in clinical application and turns to be an important direction .The article was to evaluate the consistency of two-dimensional (2D) and three-di-mensional ultrasonography in the diameter measurement of single follicle . Methods 438 single folliculars were respectively meas-ured by the same sonographer in 2D and 3D ultrasonic measurement.2D diameter, 3D mean diameter and 3D virtual ball diameter of every single follicle were recorded , and Bland-Altman method were used to evaluate the consistency of the results by these two meth-ods. Results In the consistency analysis on the diameter measurement of single follicle by 2D and 3D mean diameter measurment methods, d equaled -1.06 mm, and 95% LoA range covered the range of -4.82 mm to 2.70 mm.95% CI of 95% LoA range,-5.21 mm to 3.08 mm, was beyond the settings of clinical acceptable error limit range , -3.56 mm to 1.44 mm, showing poor consis-tency.Likewise, in the research of the consistency in the measurement of 2D diameter and 3D virtual ball diameter in the diameter measurement of single follicle , d equaled -0.07 mm , and 95%LoA range covered the range of -3.11 mm to 2.98 mm.95%CI of 95%LoA range, -3.43 mm to 3.29 mm, was beyond the settings of clinical acceptable error limit range , -2.57 mm to 2.43 mm, showing poor consistency . Conclusion 2D and 3D ultrasound measurements in the diameter measurement of single follicle are not consistent.However, considering the objectivity and accuracy of the results , 3D ultrasonography still has an advantage over 2D ultra-sonography , which can provide more acurate aid for assisted reproductive technology .